{"id":20978,"date":"2023-05-29T15:18:09","date_gmt":"2023-05-29T08:18:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/?p=20978"},"modified":"2023-05-29T15:20:52","modified_gmt":"2023-05-29T08:20:52","slug":"giai-nobel-y-sinh-hoc-2022-covid-19-va-chung-ta-den-tu-dau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/2023\/05\/29\/giai-nobel-y-sinh-hoc-2022-covid-19-va-chung-ta-den-tu-dau\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i Nobel y sinh h\u1ecdc 2022, COVID-19 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Nobel y sinh h\u1ecdc 2022 v\u00e0 COVID-19 <\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1eafc m\u1eafc t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m SARS-CoV-2 n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1eed vong. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Svante P\u00e4\u00e4bo ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra gen c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh COVID-19, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf Nam \u00c1, th\u01b0\u1eddng mang m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ADN c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i Neandertal.\u00a0 \u0110o\u1ea1n gen n\u00e0y \u1edf nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec5m COVID-19 n\u1eb7ng (ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n, th\u1edf m\u00e1y, hay t\u1eed vong). \u0110o\u1ea1n gen n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf 63% ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bangladesh; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang \u0111o\u1ea1n gen n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 t\u1eed vong cao g\u1ea5p hai l\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 gen n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 gen c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal h\u01a1n 30.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 (kho\u1ea3ng 3 – 6%) ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 c\u0169ng mang trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 gen n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n gen n\u00f3i tr\u00ean t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neandertal di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1ch nay kho\u1ea3ng 60.000 n\u0103m. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n gen n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m vi r\u00fat g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh COVID-19 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

2. V\u00e0i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 Gi\u1ea3i nobel y sinh h\u1ecdc 2022. <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1ea3i Nobel trao t\u1eb7ng gi\u1ea3i nobel y sinh h\u1ecdc 2022 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u201cnh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng (hominins) v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn trong 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u sau:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Neanderthal, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Homo sapiens c\u00f3 lai v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a chi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tinh kh\u00f4n (Homo sapiens) nh\u01b0 sau: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tinh kh\u00f4n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay thu\u1ed9c gi\u1ed1ng Homo sapiens. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 7 gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Kho\u1ea3ng 70.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean r\u1eddi ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 t\u1ea3n m\u00e1c kh\u1eafp Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. Qua th\u1eddi gian, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Paboo ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n gen c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng n\u00e0y sang Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tinh kh\u00f4n Homo Sapiens.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, gi\u00e1o \u01b0u Paboo c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ADN m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 t\u00ean Denisovan di truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb chi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00eam v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e3 di truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n gen EPAS1 Denisovan mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t tr\u00ean cao cho c\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng n\u00fai T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gen c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 2% gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean Paleogenomics (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 di truy\u1ec1n sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc). C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cho ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 gen gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c t\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb, c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u00ed \u1ea9n mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi: “Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u”?<\/p>\n

3. T\u00f3m g\u1ecdn s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a GS Svante P\u00e4\u00e4bo.<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a P\u00e4\u00e4bo b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2002, \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t gen c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 FOXP2, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2006, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 gen c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Time vinh danh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 100 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong n\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ec7 gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra t\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Denisovan n\u0103m 2010.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 400 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng danh gi\u00e1, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize (1992), m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t ADN c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.\/.<\/p>\n

Ths.Bs L\u00ea Minh Uy, Ph\u00f3 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c TT.KSBT An Giang<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. Nobel y sinh h\u1ecdc 2022 v\u00e0 COVID-19 C\u00f3 khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1eafc m\u1eafc t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m SARS-CoV-2 n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1eed vong. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Svante P\u00e4\u00e4bo ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra gen c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":20979,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"limit_modified_date":"","last_modified_date":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[303],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bai"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20978","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20978"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20978\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20981,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20978\/revisions\/20981"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20978"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}