{"id":18038,"date":"2023-01-30T10:21:59","date_gmt":"2023-01-30T03:21:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/?p=18038"},"modified":"2023-01-30T10:23:47","modified_gmt":"2023-01-30T03:23:47","slug":"4-dieu-can-biet-ve-thuoc-khang-sinh-penicillin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/2023\/01\/30\/4-dieu-can-biet-ve-thuoc-khang-sinh-penicillin\/","title":{"rendered":"4 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh penicillin"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a\u00a0penicillin\u00a0v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean\u00a0kh\u00e1ng sinh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong y h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi penicillin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c\u00a0b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1t th\u1ea5p kh\u1edbp…<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a penicillin kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng do vi khu\u1ea9n t\u1eebng g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng sinh m\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng sinh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

\"\"
S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a penicillin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong y h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a penicillin<\/h4>\n

Thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ng sinh beta-lactam, penicillin ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi khu\u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0vi khu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

Trong vi khu\u1ea9n, c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Vi khu\u1ea9n gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp peptidoglycan \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Vi khu\u1ea9n gram \u00e2m c\u00f3 peptidoglycan gi\u1eefa m\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Penicillin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean vi khu\u1ea9n gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t peptidoglycan, l\u00e0m cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi khu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh penicillin bao g\u1ed3m:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Penicillin ph\u1ed5 kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n h\u1eb9p: Penicillin G, penicillin V.<\/li>\n
  • Penicillin ph\u1ed5 kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n h\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean t\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u: Methicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin.<\/li>\n
  • Penicillin ph\u1ed5 kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n trung b\u00ecnh: Ampicillin,\u00a0amoxicillin.<\/li>\n
  • Penicillin ph\u1ed5 kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean tr\u1ef1c khu\u1ea9n m\u1ee7 xanh: Carbenicillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    2. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a penicillin<\/h4>\n

    Penicillin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng do vi khu\u1ea9n, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng m\u0169i, h\u1ecdng, xoang c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh<\/i><\/li>\n
    • Vi\u00eam tai gi\u1eefa
      \n<\/i><\/li>\n
    • Vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o<\/i><\/li>\n
    • Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p tr\u00ean do nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ebf c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 li\u00ean c\u1ea7u.<\/i><\/li>\n
    • Vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i\u00a0th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb9 do Pneumococcu<\/i><\/li>\n
    • Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng mi\u1ec7ng, n\u01b0\u1edbu v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng sau khi nh\u1ed5 r\u0103ng.
      \n<\/i><\/li>\n
    • Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng da do li\u00ean c\u1ea7u nh\u00f3m A ho\u1eb7c vi khu\u1ea9n t\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u v\u00e0ng<\/i><\/li>\n
    • B\u1ec7nh th\u1ea5p kh\u1edbp v\u00e0 s\u1ed1t ban \u0111\u1ecf<\/i><\/li>\n
    • Nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed<\/i><\/li>\n
    • B\u1ec7nh lyme<\/i><\/li>\n
    • Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng do li\u00ean c\u1ea7u trong b\u1ec7nh h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh li\u1ec1m<\/i><\/li>\n
    • B\u1ec7nh giang mai, l\u1eadu, nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eadt, ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u00f4 m\u1ec1m do streptococci nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Penicillin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u00f9y v\u00e0o t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 s\u1ebd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

      Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng sinh kh\u00e1c, penicillin kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh, c\u00fam, COVID-19 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m virus kh\u00e1c.<\/strong><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

      3. C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o, th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi penicillin<\/h4>\n

      N\u00ean tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1ng sinh penicillin \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nghi ng\u1edd\u00a0d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi penicillin. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf 1 trong 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 b\u1ecb d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

      Penicillin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00e9o v\u1edbi cephalosporin \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi 1% nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi penicillin.<\/p>\n

      D\u1ecb \u1ee9ng penicillin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean da.<\/p>\n

      \"\"
      Penicillin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u00f9y v\u00e0o t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, b\u00e1c s\u0129 s\u1ebd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      Penicillin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh th\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c gan nh\u01b0ng li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u00f9y t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

      Amoxicillin n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh gan t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Dicloxacillin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00edt g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

      4. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a penicillin l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?<\/h4>\n

      Thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh penicillin th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung n\u1ea1p t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng:<\/i>\u00a0Bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e0y \u0111ay, ph\u00f9 m\u1ea1ch, h\u1ed3ng ban \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed bi\u1ec3u b\u00ec nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c, ban \u0111\u1ecf nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c, vi\u00eam da tr\u00f3c v\u1ea3y v\u00e0\u00a0s\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3n v\u1ec7<\/li>\n
      • R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ti\u00eau h\u00f3a:<\/i>\u00a0Vi\u00eam mi\u1ec7ng, vi\u00eam l\u01b0\u1ee1i, bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n, n\u00f4n, ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 b\u1ec7nh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng vi\u00eam \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1c)<\/li>\n
      • B\u1ec7nh gan<\/i><\/li>\n
      • Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u00e1u (r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p)<\/i>: Thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u t\u00e1n huy\u1ebft, gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u, gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng huy\u1ebft s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 , ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p)<\/li>\n
      • Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1eadn (r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm):\u00a0<\/i>Vi\u00eam th\u1eadn k\u1ebd<\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u1ed9c t\u00ednh th\u1ea7n kinh do \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb li\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t cao (r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm):<\/i>\u00a0Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, co gi\u1eadt, co gi\u1eadt… (t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb suy th\u1eadn).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e1o S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe\u00a0 & \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a\u00a0penicillin\u00a0v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean\u00a0kh\u00e1ng sinh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong y h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi penicillin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c\u00a0b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1t th\u1ea5p kh\u1edbp… […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":18040,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"limit_modified_date":"","last_modified_date":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[303],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18038","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bai"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18038","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18038"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18038\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18042,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18038\/revisions\/18042"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18038"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18038"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18038"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}