{"id":1411,"date":"2020-09-16T11:23:10","date_gmt":"2020-09-16T04:23:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/?p=1411"},"modified":"2020-09-16T11:29:45","modified_gmt":"2020-09-16T04:29:45","slug":"tham-khao-ve-viet-tin-bai-cau-truc-co-ban-cua-bai-viet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/2020\/09\/16\/tham-khao-ve-viet-tin-bai-cau-truc-co-ban-cua-bai-viet\/","title":{"rendered":"Tham kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft tin b\u00e0i: “C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft”"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m ch\u0103m \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0o trong tin v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean “\u0111i\u1ec3m danh” \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 5W+1H v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng s\u00f3t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh r\u1ea5t k\u1ef9, v\u0103n v\u1ebb c\u0169ng trau chu\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady?

Trong cu\u1ed1n “C\u1ea9m nang vi\u1ebft tin” do Qu\u1ef9 T\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m B\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, Peter Eng v\u00e0 Jeff Hodson, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i – d\u00f9 l\u00e0 tin hay ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 – \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3.\u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft hay v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1.

Tin th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1<\/strong>

C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: tin th\u1eddi s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tin s\u1ed1t d\u1ebbo, tin \u0111ang di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tin nh\u1eb9.

Tin th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u1eeba x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ngay cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y l\u1edbn, m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi loan b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1eeba qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh AIDS.

Ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn v\u1eeba x\u1ea3y ra. Ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u00f4ng tin cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng hay m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.\u00a0

Tin th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, c\u00f2n ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 th\u00eam. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh AIDS t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, ho\u1eb7c th\u00e2n th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh AIDS t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, hay c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n.

Ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tin th\u1eddi s\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1, ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y.\u00a0

M\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 th\u00e2n b\u00e0i
\u00a0<\/strong>
T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00f4i khi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n b\u00e0i. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh. C\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1eabn th\u00e2n b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean theo s\u00e1t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3.

Trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tin th\u1eddi s\u1ef1, \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u. C\u00e2u n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft tin \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1 hay c\u1ea7n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ngay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.

Th\u00e2n b\u00e0i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1. G\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt. Tin t\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tin k\u00e9m quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft. Ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ngay tin quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tin t\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m g\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 6 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec.

H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i, \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi tr\u00edch d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n

N\u0103m ch\u1eef W v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef H
\u00a0
<\/strong>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec5m then ch\u1ed1t. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 n\u0103m ch\u1eef W v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef H:
Who<\/em> (ai) – Trong tin n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ai?
What<\/em> (chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec): – S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng hay \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra?
Where<\/em> (\u1edf \u0111\u00e2u) – Tin n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?
When<\/em> (khi n\u00e0o) – Chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0o?
Why<\/em> (t\u1ea1i sao) – T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3?
How<\/em> (nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o) – Chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi khi h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 th\u00eam v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba x\u1ea3y ra. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m ch\u1eef W v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef H. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng ki\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i xem h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef n\u00e0y hay ch\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u1ed9p b\u00e0i.

Trong c\u00e1c tin th\u1eddi s\u1ef1, c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho n\u0103m ch\u1eef W v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef H th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n

C\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m n\u0103m ch\u1eef W v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef H l\u00e0 \u2018V\u00ec sao?\u2019 B\u1ea1n cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft tin t\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft: t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn tin n\u00e0y? T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc tin \u0111\u00f3? C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft tin, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ecd t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a tin \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa. Nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u00e1c ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. Ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i l\u1eabn nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phe ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng.

Trong m\u1ecdi tin, h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi:
– C\u00e1i g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng?
– Di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ra sao \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc?

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn tin n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd tin \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n

To\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/strong>

\u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u truy\u1ec7n. To\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chung hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi n\u00e0y.\u00a0

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft b\u00e0i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tin t\u1ee9c, th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u – \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. V\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u (feature) th\u00ec n\u00ean vi\u1ebft theo ki\u1ec3u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f2n… ng\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i sau? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Kh\u00f4ng \u00edt b\u00e0i n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng hay. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1ch d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t logic nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i h\u1ee5t h\u1eabng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ee5t.\u00a0

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng ai vi\u1ebft v\u0103n hay th\u00ec l\u00e0m b\u00e1o gi\u1ecfi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc n\u1ebfu phong c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “b\u00ea” nguy\u00ean xi v\u00e0o trong b\u00e1o. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n quen v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh, trong khi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1ecfi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u00a0

M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ra n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u, ch\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u khi b\u1ecb coi nh\u1eb9. Th\u1ef1c ra, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn. M\u1edf b\u00e0i t\u1ed1t gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y quan t\u00e2m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u k\u1ebft hay s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft “ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n”.\u00a0

Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Fabienne G\u00e9rault thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u00e1o ch\u00ed Lille c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd sau:

M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u
<\/strong>
\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, hay v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. “Catch phrase”: n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f3 vi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i bao gi\u1edd ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng khi \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00fat vi\u1ebft. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra “c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh” cho b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh?

\u0110anh th\u00e9p, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng, nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ng\u1eafn. C\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, sao cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3u ngay ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00edt, sap\u00f4 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb9o vi\u1ebft thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:
– m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh: \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t mi\u00eau t\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y”.
– m\u1ed9t tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: th\u00edch h\u1ee3p khi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n.
– m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n: m\u1ed9t giai tho\u1ea1i, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t th\u00edch.
– m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c quen thu\u1ed9c: c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1.
– \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.
– m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i.
– m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 ra ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y trong d\u00e2n gian.
– m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd: \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ai ng\u1edd t\u1edbi.
– m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 c\u1ee5c: g\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea1.
– m\u1ed9t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.
– m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ngay ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.
– m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3.
– m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1ec9a mai, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef\u2026

Trong m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. V\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i tin t\u1ee9c d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1.

K\u1ebft b\u00e0i
\u00a0
<\/strong>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o? Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0:
– n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1edbt qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i trong b\u00e0i.
– m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u00eam m\u1eafm mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0o b\u00e0i b\u00e1o).
– m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u00f3m t\u1eaft hay t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.
– m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o: \u0111\u1eebng vi\u1ebft “ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo \u1edf s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o sau\u2026”. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.

Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i mang t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng tin thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, c\u00e1c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n (tr\u1eeb phi ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u1eadt hay). Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u1ebft.\u00a0

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e2u ng\u1eafn, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. N\u00f3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft c\u00f3 hai ho\u1eb7c ba c\u00e2u, c\u0169ng ng\u1eafn, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho “k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn”. \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t hay hai ch\u1eef l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7.\u00a0

K\u1ebft b\u00e0i gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean t\u1eadp:
– m\u1edf ra g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 anh ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u1edf ngay \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 g\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m, t\u00f2 m\u00f2, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng.
– \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i (kh\u00f3a c\u00e1i kh\u00f3a l\u1ea1i).

M\u1ed9t m\u1eb9o hay:<\/strong> c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a t\u00edt ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb.\/.<\/p>\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n:<\/em> Vietnam Journalism<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m ch\u0103m \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0o trong tin v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean “\u0111i\u1ec3m danh” \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 5W+1H v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng s\u00f3t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"limit_modified_date":"","last_modified_date":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[117],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1411","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thong-bao"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1411","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1411"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1411\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1416,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1411\/revisions\/1416"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1411"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1411"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdcangiang.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1411"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}